Integrative priming occurs rapidly and uncontrollably during lexical processing

Lexical priming, whereby a prime word facilitates recognition of a related target word (e.g., nurse ? doctor), is typically attributed to association strength, semantic similarity, or compound familiarity. Here, the authors demonstrate a novel type of lexical priming that occurs among unassociated, dissimilar, and unfamiliar concepts (e.g., horse ? doctor). Specifically, integrative priming occurs when a prime word can be easily integrated with a target word to create a unitary representation. Across several manipulations of timing (stimulus onset asynchrony) and list context (relatedness proportion), lexical decisions for the target word were facilitated when it could be integrated with the prime word. Moreover, integrative priming was dissociated from both associative priming and semantic priming but was comparable in terms of both prevalence (across participants) and magnitude (within participants). This observation of integrative priming challenges present models of lexical priming, such as spreading activation, distributed representation, expectancy, episodic retrieval, and compound cue models. The authors suggest that integrative priming may be explained by a role activation model of relational integration

A Framework for Virtual Device Driver Development and Virtual Device-Based Performance Modeling

Operating system virtualization tools such as VMWare, XEN, and Linux KVM export only minimally capable SVGA graphics adapters. This paper describes the design and implementation of system that virtualizes high-performance graphics cards of arbitrary design to support the construction of authentic device drivers. Drivers written for the virtual cards can be used verbatim, without special function calls or kernel modifications, as drivers for real cards, should real cards of the same design exist. While this allows for arbitrary design, it is not able to model performance characteristics. We describe a new kernel system that allows for arbitrarily changing the performance of a device. These virtual performance throttles (VPTs) use the framework provided by the virtual device architecture and a simple linear service model a physical drive to simulate the relative performance characteristics of the physical disk. The applications of the system include instruction in device driver and disk scheduler design, allowing device driver design to proceed in parallel with new hardware development, and for relative performance measurements without needing access to the physical device being modeled

Synergies and Frictions between Mega-events and Local Urban Heritage

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Strategic Theory, Methodology, Air Power, and Coercion in the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah War

This thesis analyzes the air power, coercion, strategic theory, and strategic methodology in the 2006 Israel/Hezbollah War. In state versus non-state actor conflicts, air power\u27s utility is different from state versus state conflicts. The dynamics of coercion also differ greatly from state versus state conflict. Additionally the strategic theories, and the methodologies used to develop these theories differ as well, both in their goals and their utility. By examining the 2006 Israel/Hezbollah war, which is an excellent example of a high-intensity conflict between a very capable state military, and a well-equipped non-state actor, Hezbollah, I analyze the ways in which air power is most useful in state versus non-state actor conflicts, the efficacy of coercion in such conflicts, and the role of strategic theory and methodology in such conflicts. I conclude that air power is best used against material high value targets, and against outside state sponsors of non-state actors, as non-state actors often blend amongst non-combatants, disperse their men and material widely, and are difficult to target with accuracy. I also conclude that the basic logic of coercion used in state versus state conflict is sound, but that the logic is complicated by the non-state actor\u27s reliance on outside powers for war material, meaning that attempts to coerce without applying pressure to the outside power will be unlikely to succeed. Finally I conclude that strategic theory and methodology are of the greatest importance to success, and that the most important factor in both is adaptability. He who adapts fastest often wins in asymmetric warfare

THE EFFECT OF ARTERY BIFURCATION ANGLES ON FLUID FLOW AND WALL SHEAR STRESS IN THE MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY

Saccular aneurysms are the abnormal plastic deformation of veins and arteries that can lead to lethal thrombus genesis or internal hemorrhaging. Medication and surgery greatly reduce the mortality rates, but treatment is limited by predicting who will develop aneurysms. A common location for saccular aneurysm genesis is at the main middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation. The main MCA bifurcation is comprised of the M1 MCA segment, parent artery, and two M2 segments, daughter arteries. Studies have found that the lateral angle (LA) ratio of the MCA bifurcation is correlated with aneurysm formation. The LA ratio is defined as the angle between the M1 and the larger M2 divided by the angle between the M1 and the smaller M2. When the LA ratio is equal to 1, perfectly symmetrical, no aneurysms are found at the MCA bifurcation. When the LA ratio is greater than 1.6, aneurysms are commonly found at the MCA bifurcation. In the research described here, varying MCA bifurcation angles were compared to uncover any changes to fluid flow and wall shear stress that could stimulate aneurysm growth. Eight pre-aneurysm MCA bifurcation models were created in SolidWorks® using 120 degrees, 90 degrees, and 60 degrees as the angle between the M1 and the larger M2. LA ratios of 1, 1.6 and 2.2 were then used to characterize the other branch angle (60 degrees with a LA ratio of 1 was excluded). These models were imported into COMSOL Multiphysics® where the laminar fluid flow module was used to simulate non-Newtonian blood flow. Fluid flow profiles showed little to no change between the models. Shear stress changed when the LA ratio was increased, but the changed varied between the 120, 90 and 60 degree models. 120 degree models had a 3.87% decrease in max shear stress with a LA ratio of 2.2 while the 90 degree models had 7.5% decrease in max shear stress with a LA ratio of 2.2. Each daughter artery had distinct areas of high shear stress when the LA ratio equaled 1. Increasing the LA ratio or decreasing the bifurcation angle caused the areas of shear stress to merge together. Increasing LA ratio caused shear stress to decrease and spread around the MCA bifurcation. The reduction in max wall shear stress for high LA ratios supports current aneurysm genesis hypothesizes, but additional testing is required before bifurcation geometries can be used to predicted aneurysm genesis

“There is No Law Here”: Vigilantism, Militarism, and Metropolitanism in Coos County, Oregon 1912-1913

The Coos Bay region on the southern Oregon coast has long been known for its rural landscape, pitting a lush river valley against a backdrop of old growth forests that have proved to be a lucrative enterprise for those interested and daring enough to harvest them.1 Beyond its abundance of rich resources, the region is also situated on the deepest natural harbor on the Oregon coast, making it a prime location for the exportation of its valuable natural resources. This modest timber region grew from its humble origins as a shelter for the castaway sailors of the military ship Captain Lincoln2 to its coming of age at the end of World War II as the purported “lumber capital of the world.” In between this nearly hundred year period (1851-1946) the Coos Bay region experienced the pains of being blessed with abundant natural resources, in addition to succumbing to the corporate capitalist greed that surrounded and exploited every thriving timber village that aspired to be more than simply the dependents of profit-hungry investors

Displacement, Place Attachment, and Other Characteristics of Anglers on the Yellowstone River

Yellowstone River has seen increasing recreational use as Montana has grown and out of state visitation has increased, leading to some locals voicing concerns of crowding. River recreation, as with many outdoor recreational activities, has participants that may be considered to be sensitive to crowded conditions and place a high value on solitude. Considering these perceptions, there is reason to believe that these participants may change their river use patterns if or when the perceived level of crowding exceeds their tolerance thresholds. Further, monitoring efforts conducted at river access sites often do not fully capture users that are already displaced due to crowding. Previous research supports the idea that displacement and other coping mechanisms are common among users in crowded recreation locations, these behaviors may be leading to artificially high ratings of satisfaction, as the users most likely to be dissatisfied are not being captured because they have changed their use patterns to avoid crowding. The goal of this study is to examine the nature of displacement on the Yellowstone River, and the thresholds of crowding that may cause recreationists to be displaced. The study seeks to expand the current understanding of river use patterns, and the existing monitoring projects that have been undertaken on the Upper Yellowstone. From this expanded understanding, managers may be better equipped to address the user experience and measures of satisfaction on rivers in Montana by also considering users displaced from their preferred recreation areas. More specifically, this study seeks to address three key questions: (1) What is the relationship, if any, between varying levels of crowding on the Upper Yellowstone River and the stated acceptability by anglers, and is that relationship affected by use type? (2) If a relationship is found to exist, what is the stated coping mechanism by anglers, and does the level of place attachment to the river influence the stated response and subsequent river use patterns? (3) How do anglers on the Upper Yellowstone River perceive potential policy and management actions aimed at addressing river use, and are there key attributes about the anglers that may influence their support of management actions

“There is No Law Here”: Vigilantism, Militarism, and Metropolitanism in Coos County, Oregon 1912-1913

Using a three-tiered system of analysis, the lenses of vigilantism, militarism, metropolitanism provide a way to analyze the deportations within Coos Bay. At the base, vigilance committees policed community morals, ideas, and actions. Community policing spurred a process of militarization that needed an other or subaltern menace to marginalize. Metropolitanism became the end product: a recasting of the community norms and the use of elitist boosterism (a rhetoric of community aggrandizement) as a way to move closer to the metropole ideal. However, this was not simply a Coos Bay phenomenon; it was a process of metropolitanization that was happening across the nation. It is with this context that this paper argues that the 1913 deportations of Wobblies and Socialists in Coos County were part of a national crusade of vigilante violence that used extralegal force as a mechanism for implementing a program of social militarization that combatted the perceived threats of socialism, anarchism, and communism embodied in “the radical other.” The First World War saw the creation of government programs such as the American Protective League (APL) that emphasized “100 percent Americanism” and counteracted these perceived threats by shaping the nation into a cohesive and homogenous whole